Yesterday President Bush vetoed the Democratic led effort for increasing federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. The veto was only his third.
“If this legislation became law, it would compel American taxpayers – for the first time in our history – to support the deliberate destruction of human embryos,” Bush said. “I made it clear to Congress and to the American people that I will not allow our nation to cross this moral line.”
Hillary Clinton, D-NY said “Let me be very clear. When I am president, I will lift the ban on stem cell research.” Let me be very clear. The president’s actions did not continue or constitute a ban on embryonic stem cell research. While that is what Hillary and the Democrats want you to think, it isn’t true. President Bush has cut federal funds for embryonic stem cell research. And it was the right thing to do.
Stem Cells – A Very Short Primer
According to the International Society for Stem Cell Research, stem cells are:
the foundation cell for every organ, tissue and cell in the body. They are like a blank microchip that can ultimately be programmed to perform any number of specialized tasks. Stem cells are undifferentiated, “blank” cells that do not yet have a specific function.”
When a sperm and an egg merge, they form a zygote. The zygote gets busy dividing and after five to seven days, there are about 150 cells. This hollow ball of cells, smaller than a grain of sand, is called a blastocyst. The blastocyst is made of two different types of cells, the trophoblast and the inner cell mass. Embryonic stem cells make up the inner cell mass. They can form all cell types and are referred to as “pluripotent” stem cells.
Adult stem cells are found in various tissues in children and adults. They have been found in umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, the brain, the nose and even human fat. This type of stem cell is programmed to form different cell types of their own tissue. They are referred to as “multipotent” stem cells.
Evolution of a Stem Cell
It was believed that adult stem cells were the lesser of the two types, an erroneous belief still today. In 2003, Reason Magazine published an article titled, “Are Adult Stem Cells a Bust?” From the article:
The researchers modified bone marrow stem cells in mice to produce a variety of easily detected proteins, including glow-in-the-dark green florescent protein. These cells were then injected into other mice. Several months later, the rodents were sacrificed and their tissues minutely inspected. The researchers found that the bone marrow stem cells had not turned into heart, liver or brain cells, but had instead fused with those cell types.
In 2003, there was considerable doubt that adult stem cells could compete and the belief was that embryonic stem cells were the answer. However, that is not the case. In January 2007, the University of Minnesota’s Stem Cell Institute reported they had “succeeded in replacing the immune system and bone marrow cells in mice using adult stem cells.”
Dr. Catherine Verfaille, the director of the Stem Cell Institute, and her co-workers extracted multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) and then reproduced them in the lab. They then injected the MAPC into mice that had undergone radiation treatment and had no immune systems.
“The cells not only survived when transplanted, but completely repopulated the blood system of the mice, ” Verfaille said. This break-through is significant because scientists had been unsuccessful in reproducing cells that produce the blood system.
Another step forward is the idea of “somatic cell reprogramming.” This involves making cells that act like embryonic stem cells. A team at MIT made cells that appear to pass the “pluripotent” tests. The team, led by Rudolph Jaenisch, stated:
Our results show that the biological potency and epigenetic state of reprogrammed induced pluripotent cells are indistinguishable from embryonic stem cells.”
Translation: A normal adult cell can be turned into the equal or near-equal of an embryonic stem cell. Researchers from Harvard and UCLA have had similar success. They were able to “transform skin cells from mice into embryonic stem cells.” This process could provide more than enough embryonic stem cells for research, without the loss of life.
Adult Stem Cells and Treatment
Adult stem cells are already being used to help people while embryonic stem cell potential is still theoretical. For example:
- At the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, a man with a rare, potentially fatal skin disorder could no longer eat because of the severity of the condition. He is now symptom free after receiving a transplant of his own adult stem cells.
- Doctors at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago treated two Crohn’s patients with adult stem cells they extracted from the patients’ bodies. The doctors successfully used them to rebuild the patients’ faulty immune systems.
- Adult stem cells are used to treat impaired eyesight by Dr. Edward Holland of the Northern Kentucky Eye Laser Center.
- Erica Nader was paralyzed from the upper arms down following a car accident. Her spinal cord injury was treated with stem cells from her nose. This treatment was performed in Portugal and “After three years, MRIs show that the cells indeed promote the development of new blood cells and synapses, or connections between nerve cells.
- 78 year-old Ruth Diggs was diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease. She was in so much pain she couldn’t walk. Her situation was so bad, doctors said surgical repairs would fail to help. She was told they would have to amputate her leg. Following treatment with adult stem cells, she can now walk to the examination room. Fifteen other patients enrolled in the same program. Not one has lost a limb.
Stemcellresearch.org has a list that shows seventy-three different conditions that adult stem cells are used to treat. These conditions include testicular and breast cancer, Type 1 diabetes, stroke damage and even liver cirrhosis. Embryonic stem cells have shown no benefit.
The Invisible Hand
Finally, Forbes magazine gives the non-medical reason to support a ban on federal funding of embryonic stem cell research. In its September 2001 issues, Forbes quoted the Wall Street Journal Europe, stating:
“Of the 15 US biotech companies solely devoted to developing cures using stem cells, only two focus on embryos. Embryo stem cell research is at the drawing-board stage – not for lack of funds but for lack of promising research to finance. Venture capitalists have no agenda beyond making money; if they see embryo projects that are likely to bear fruit over the next five to seven years – the usual VC time horizon – they will fund them. That the market is speaking so loudly against embryo stem cell research probably explains why embryo researchers are so eager to reverse the ban on government funding.†(Emphasis mine.)
Even the market understands that adult stem cell research is the better of the two options. And if liberals are convinced it is the other way around, nothing Bush has done can prevent them from donating money to companies or schools that are conducting research on embryonic stem cells. Bush is right. Taxpayer dollars should not be part of funding that research.
So while Rahm Emanuel, D-Ill. cites polls that show nearly three-quarters of the public support embryonic stem cell research, I wonder what percent know the difference between pluripotent and multipotent stem cells, or has heard of “somatic cell reprogramming.” Very often, success stories simply say “stem cell,” and leave out the fact it is adult stem cells and not embryonic. The American public may not even know the difference. Besides, the fact that something is popular is not reason for moving ahead. Empirical evidence is. And the evidence shows adult stem cells are far more versatile and effective.
This is not an example of President Bush “ideology before science.” It is the Democrats putting politics before evidence and life. The evidence shows the case is stronger for adult stem cells.
I wonder when Michael J. Fox is going to make that commercial.




